Stirling Engine Submarine - How did Gotland manage to evade Reagan's aggressive anti-submarine warfare strategy involving multiple ships and aircraft using multiple sensors? And more importantly, how would a low-cost submarine costing nearly $100 million -- roughly the cost of today's F-35 stealth fighter -- achieve that?
Fortunately, this did not happen in real combat, but was simulated in a war game involving a group of aircraft carriers, including several anti-ship escorts, and HSMS
Stirling Engine Submarine
These results were repeated over and over again during the two years of the war, where destroyers and nuclear attack ships crashed into the Swedish fleet undetected. Marine analyst Norman Polmar said
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They were "circling" around the US Air Force Task Force. Other reports said that American anti-submarine warfare experts were "disheartened" by the experience.
A complex anti-submarine defense involving multiple ships and aircraft using multiple sensors? And more importantly, how they were related
Can a submarine costing nearly $100 million — about the cost of today's F-35 stealth fighter jets — achieve it? After all, the US Navy retired its last diesel-powered submarine in 1990.
Diesel submarines in the past relied on noisy, atmospheric engines, meaning they could stay underwater for days before being exposed. In general, submarines are highly vulnerable and easily tracked if detected, even if deployed. Nuclear powered spaceships, on the other hand, do not require much space to operate and can operate very quietly at
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However, Sweden's two-hundred-meter-long Gotland-class submarine, launched in 1996, was the first to use an autonomous propulsion system (AIP) - today, a Stirling engine. The Stirling engine powers a seventy-five kilowatt battery
With the Stirling, the Gotland-class ship can stay afloat for up to two weeks, maintaining an average speed of six miles per hour - or it can use battery power to reach twenty-three miles per hour. A conventional diesel engine is used for surface operation or when using a snorkel. Made by Sterling
The Gotland class has many other features that allow it to avoid detection. He created twenty-seven electrodes designed to counteract his magnetic signature on magnetic disks. Its hull is sonar resistant, while the turret is made of a material that attracts radar. The engines inside are covered with sound deadening rubber to reduce sonar. The Lord
It is also very maneuverable thanks to the six integrated surfaces of its X-axis and the boat, which allow it to operate close to the sea and become very flexible.
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As the stolen submarines proved to be a major problem for US anti-submarine warfare in international exercises, the US Navy used them
And its crew for two years for anti-ship training. The results convinced the US Navy that its submarines could not keep up with the stolen AIP ships.
It was just the first of many AIP applications used by water research - some with double water resistance. And Sweden is not the only country that offers them.
China has two types of diesel engines using Stirling engines. Fifteen of the first series Type 039A Yuan were built in four different configurations, with more than twenty planned or completed. Beijing also has one 032 Qing-type submarine that can stay in the water for thirty days. It is said to be the world's largest diesel-powered submarine and has seven air launch cells capable of firing cruise missiles and ballistic missiles.
A Fully Functional 16 Cylinder Stirling Engine Model
It's an evolution of the many Kilo-classic creations. However, sea trials showed that the cells produced only half of the expected yield and the species was not approved for production. However, in 2013 the Russian Navy announced that it would produce two highly modified Ladas,
Other AIP marine manufacturers are Spain, France, Japan and Germany. These countries also trade in water around the world, including India, Israel, Pakistan and South Korea. Submarines using the AIP system have evolved into larger, more heavily armed and more expensive types, including the German Dolphin-class submarines and the French Scorpene-class submarines.
However, the US Navy has no plans to use diesel submarines again, preferring to stick with the multi-billion dollar nuclear submarines. It's tempting to see this as the Pentagon once again chooses expensive weapons systems over cheaper alternatives. No
Diesel submarines are good for staying close to friendly shores. But American ships in Asia and Europe must go
A Birds Eye View Of Submarine Propulsion
Just a few kilometers to get there, and then sent for months. Diesel fuel can travel long distances, but it requires the fuel to be made of water to last a long time.
? It was shipped to Sweden in a dry truck instead of traveling under its own power.
Although a new AIP diesel powered boat can go for weeks without being seen, this is not as good as
Without doing it. And besides, diesel submarines - with or without AIP - cannot maintain high water pressure for very long, unlike nuclear submarines. Oil tankers will play an important role in ambushing enemy ships once their position has been "spotted" by friendly intelligence. But the high-speed, long-lasting power of the AIP's diesel-powered water jets makes them less effective at hunting bait over deep water.
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These constraints are not a problem for diesel fuel operating near a friendly facility that protects seawater. But while diesel boats may be fine when operating close to home, the Navy generally isn't.
Still, the fact that one can build or buy three or four diesel-powered submarines costing $500 to $800 million each for the price of a single nuclear submarine offers an undeniable appeal. Proponents say the United States could send diesel-powered submarines to U.S. bases without facing the political obstacles posed by nuclear-powered ships. In addition, advanced diesel boats can be a good place to hide the hidden enemy.
However, the US Navy is interested in developing unmanned submarines. Meanwhile, China is working on a long-range AIP system using lithium-ion batteries, and France is developing a large diesel-powered AIP submarine, a version of the Barracuda-class nuclear attack submarine.
The advent of cheap, stealthy and long-range diesel submarines is another factor that puts carriers and other warships on the ground when operating near protected seas. Diesel submarines that benefit from AIP will be a more lethal and expensive way to protect coastal waters, but whether they will be able to contribute to blue water operations far from home is unclear.
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Sebastien Roblin holds a master's degree in conflict resolution from Georgetown University and was an adjunct professor in the China Peace Department. He has also worked in the education, processing and resettlement of refugees in France and the United States. He currently writes about security and military history at The War of Boring. Founded 14 years ago by Hudson Miracle, this brave pilot is using it to improve aviation safety.
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When Sweden loaned one of its AIP (Air Independent Power) submarines to the US Navy, it caused a stir. HMS
Served in San Diego for over 2 years in the late 2000s, it was believed to have "sunk" the aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76) during a training exercise. It wasn't fast, but it was quiet, a valuable quality in naval warfare. Now this ship has been upgraded with a less visible system.
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The cornerstone of Gotland's operations with the US Navy is the AIP fleet. In fact, this was the main reason why the Navy wanted to train against this ship. AIP means it can stay afloat longer than other non-nuclear powered ships.
Today, the AIP is a new generation than when the US Navy faced it. The Gotland was updated by Saab in 2018 with the second in class, the HMS
The lift adds 6.5 meters to its height. The additional space accommodates what the Swedish Navy describes as a "new propulsion system" (see Swedish press release). This may refer to the cooling system consisting of the new AIP system that will also be installed on the new A-26
AIP stands for Air Independent Propulsion (also often spelled Air Independent Propulsion). This provides electricity to the submarine's engine when submerged so that it does not need to use its own batteries, while conventional non-nuclear submarines must rely on underwater batteries. Once that is depleted, for a few days the bottom of the boat must float on the surface of the water to get air to use the diesel engine to replenish it. Drinking is noisy and makes the sub more vulnerable.
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AIP boats keep their batteries when they need speed, but they can keep pace with AIP. A popular myth is that they use AIP to charge the battery, to no avail.
Sweden was the first country to build it
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